Table 2

Disorders reported in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome.

Clinical manifestations

Skin
Central nervous system
Cutaneous dyskeratosis:
Ectopic calcification:
     ∘ erythematous-squamous spots degenerating in NBCC
     ∘ falx cerebri

     ∘ tentorium cerebelli
     ∘ nodular or patch lesions
     ∘ spotted meningeal calcification
     ∘ palmo-plantar pits
     ∘ complete or partial bony bridging of the sella turcica
Multiple basal cell carcinomas

Benign dermal cysts
Meningioma
     ∘ Multiple nevi
Medulloblastoma

Multiform glioblastoma

Moderate mental retardation

Grand mal

Congenital hydrocephalus

Huntington's chorea

Stomatologic system
Ocular system
Odontogenic keratocysts
Cataract, coloboma, microphthalmia
Dental ectopy, heterotopy
Chalazions
Impacted teeth
Internal strabismus
Dental agenesis
Rotatory nistagmus
Malocclusion
Exophthalmus
Maxillary fibrosarcoma
Hypertelorism
Ameloblastoma
Congenital blindness
Odontogenic myxoma

Spindle cell carcinoma

Cleft palate and lip

Mandibular prognathism

High-arched palate

Squamous cell carcinoma

Skeletal open bite

Idiopathic pseudocyst

Hyperplasia of the mandibular coronoid processes


Musculo-skeletal system
Cardio-vascular system
Congenital skeletal anomalies:
Cardiac fibroma (interventricular septum)
     ∘ bifid, fused, splayed, or missing ribs
Absent internal carotid artery
     ∘ bifid wedges fused vertebra

     ∘ scoliosis

     ∘ frontal, temporal and parietal bossing

     ∘ polydactyly

     ∘ sindactyly

     ∘ short fourth metarcapal

     ∘ sprengel shoulder

Polyostotic bone cysts


Genito-urinary system
Auditory system
Males:
Middle ear anomalies
     ∘ hypogonadism
     ∘ otosclerosis
     ∘ cryptorchidism
     ∘ conductive hearing loss
Females:
Posteriorly angulated ears
     ∘ ovarian calcifications

     ∘ ovarian cysts

     ∘ ovarian fibroma

hypogonadism


Respiratory system
Biochemical findings
Bronchogenic cysts
High levels of CAMP
Hyaline membrane disease
High levels of AP

Gastro-enteric system

Linfomesenteryc cysts

Gastric polyps


Lo Muzio Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2008 3:32   doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-32