Table 4 |
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|
Staging of retinoblastoma |
||
| Ocular fundus under general anesthesia + |
→ |
Any patient with retinoblastoma Schema, photographs, ultrasonography Reese grouping, new grouping |
| Brain and orbit CT scan or MRI + |
→ |
Almost any patient with retinoblastoma (except neonatal screened patients with tumor respecting the head of optic nerve) |
| CSF cytology Bone marrow cytohistology + |
→ |
When enucleation is necessary and shows histopathologic risk factors |
| Brain and spinal axis MRI Bone scan |
→ |
Only in case of orbital, lymph node and/or distant metastatic diseases |
|
CT – computed tomography MRI – magnetic resonance imaging CSF – cerebrospinal fluid | ||
Aerts et al. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2006 1:31 doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-31 |
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