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Etiology and diagnostic tools in Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) |
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| Causes |
% of cases |
Diagnostic tools |
|
|
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| Frequent |
||
| Idiopathic/Familial DCM |
20 – 50 |
family history, echocardiogram, detailed evaluation of first degree relatives, coronary angiography, endomyocardial biopsy |
| Ischemic DCM |
50 – 70 |
history, coronary angiography |
| Valvular DCM |
1.5 – 4 |
echocardiogram, physical exam |
| Hypertensive DCM |
2 – 4 |
physical exam, echocardiogram showing hypertrophy |
| Alcoholic |
3 – 40 |
history of excessive alcohol use |
| Myocarditis |
5 – 10 |
history compatible with viral myocarditis, endomyocardial biopsy |
| Rare |
2–3 |
|
| Peripartum |
history |
|
| Amyloidosis |
echocardiogram, endomyocardial biopsy, rectal/fat pad biopsy |
|
| Hemochromatosis |
extra-cardiac signs, endomyocardial biopsy, iron studies |
|
| Sarcoidosis |
extra-cardiac signs, endomyocardial biopsy |
|
| Doxorubicin toxicity |
history of exposure to doxorubicin |
|
| Other toxic substances |
history |
|
| Metabolic DCM |
laboratory tests, pediatric age |
|
Taylor et al. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2006 1:27 doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-27 |
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